Red Trillium; photo D. Gordon E. Robertson
- Help conserve
- Flowers by season
- Species list
- More information
by Christine Hanrahan
The growing popularity of wildflower gardening has led to an increased interest in seeing these plants in the wild. Here at the Fletcher Wildlife Garden (FWG), we provide a little bit of that “wild” where you can see a diverse mix of native and non-native wildflowers growing in profusion. It is worth visiting our site several times during the year as each season brings its own delights. To make your visit more enjoyable, tuck a wildflower field guide and a small hand-lens into your pocket and pick up a copy of our trail guide with its map of the garden.
Help conserve
We know how tempting it is to pick flowers, but please don’t! Uprooting or picking plants before they have had a chance to set seed means fewer plants will grow in subsequent years. Many of these plants are also an important food source for wildlife. Butterflies and bees feed on the nectar and birds and small mammals depend on the seeds.
Spring
Spring is brief in our part of the world, and the earliest flowers are just as short-lived. Most “spring ephemerals” grow in woodlands, appearing just before the trees leaf out, shortly after the last snow has melted. One of the earliest in our woods is Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) whose single large deeply-lobed leaf embraces the stalk of the pure white flower. As spring warms up, watch for trilliums, violets, Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia), Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense), Trout-lily (Erythronium americanum), and Bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora). You might also see Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), whose tiny yellow flowers are actually encased in the green, purplestriped tube or spathe (the pulpit) and, therefore, are seldom seen.
Many woodland plants have relatively big leaves, allowing them to intercept more of the meagre sunlight filtering through the forest canopy for photosynthesis. Most North American woodland flowers are native, as many introduced species cannot survive in such shady conditions.
Bloodroot flowers; photo Christine Hanrahan
Primrose Moth on Evening Primrose its larval plant; photo D. Gordon E. Robertson
Common Milkweed; photo Christine Hanrahan
Summer
Summer is the season of greatest diversity and colour. It is also the time when many (non-native) “naturalized” species dominate. You may notice many of these along the service road and other disturbed areas. These species are very adaptable and can take advantage of the poor soil conditions in such places, unlike many native plants with their more specific habitat needs. You’ll see big swathes of showy Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota) and White Sweet Clover (Melilotus alba) and large clumps of Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) and Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), which are attractive to many species of bees and butterflies and good spots to watch for other interesting insects.
Many native species also thrive in the summer. Look for Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), a larval plant for Monarch butterflies.
On hot summer days, the woods are a cool retreat. Watch for native White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima), a tall plant with clusters of tiny white flowers, and in sunnier openings with damper soils look for the orange Jewel-weed or Touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis).
Wetland plants are particularly interesting. Our big pond supports a diverse flora. Look for Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) and the aptly named Bur-reed (Sparganium americanum).
Autumn
Summer’s end is signalled by the appearance of the first goldenrods. Soon the garden is ablaze with the golden hues of this beautiful native flower. We have at least five species growing here, including the abundant Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis). Contrary to popular belief, goldenrod is not responsible for the hay-fever that afflicts many people at this time of year. The culprit is the rather nondescript Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) which often grows around goldenrod. You may notice round swellings on the stems of goldenrods. These are galls, home to the goldenrod gall fly larvae. Despite appearances, the plants are rarely harmed by this activity.
Cooler days and longer nights tell us that the first frost is not far off. Signs of autumn are everywhere in the plant world. Asters replace many of the earlier wildflowers and are synonymous with the season. We have at least three species of aster in the garden, the most common being the New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) with spectacular deep purple flowers and yellow centres.
Giant Goldenrod; photo D. Gordon E. Robertson
New England Asters; photo D. Gordon E. Robertson
Winter
Why would you go flower spotting in winter? Trust us, there are still some interesting things to see, particularly in the open areas. The dead stalks and seed heads rising above the snow are not only beautiful, but provide an interesting challenge to your observation skills.
You will certainly see birds feeding on the seeds of many plants. Finches and sparrows particularly relish the tiny seeds of Evening Primrose, Ragweed, goldenrods, and asters. Non-native Common Burdock (Arctium minus) also attracts seed-eaters, although this can be fatal, as birds sometimes become entangled in the burs. You can add to the beauty of your own winter garden and help out the birds as well by not cutting back your flowers until spring.
After a winter walk around the garden, you may find a variety of seeds have hitched a ride on your clothes. Congratulations! You’ve just had a quick lesson in seed dispersal. Some plants have developed an interesting way to send forth their seeds to multiply. Encased in velcro-like seed pods which attach themselves to any passing creature, these seeds are readily transported some distance from their parent plant to new ground. Can you think of other ways in which seeds are dispersed?
As winter settles in, it sometimes seems that spring will never come again. But, take heart, beneath the snow many wildflowers are alive and well, awaiting only the longer days and warmer temperatures to burst into renewed growth.
Photo Christine Hanrahan
Native or not?
Many familiar, roadside wildflowers, such as Queen Anne’s Lace, Ox-eye Daisy, Tansy, and St. John’s Wort, are not native, but were introduced to North America by European settlers in the last century. Escaping cultivation long ago, they naturalized to such an extent they now seem part of our native flora. Some of plants, such as Purple Loosestrife, are extremely aggressive, particularly in meadows and wetlands where they have displaced native species. Others are less destructive. At the FWG, we are removing rampant alien species while allowing those beneficial to wildlife to remain.
Tansy flowers; photo D. Gordon E. Robertson
Species list (as of 30 September 2012)
In 1992, a quick inventory recorded 68 species on our 6.5-hectare site. Now, we have over 180 species. Although many have appeared on their own (seeds dispersed by wind, by birds or other animals, brought in with leaf litter and mulch, etc.), others have been planted. The list below includes only species that have survived and spread for more than five years. It does not include plants in the Backyard Garden, or trees, shrubs, ferns and grasses, which are treated separately.
Our list is by no means complete, and because plants come and go as conditions change and we are always planting native species, you may see something not listed here. If so, please contact us: (Fletcher Wildlife Garden).
NOTE: This plant list has been revised using the most recently ascribed scientific names. Previously used names are in parentheses. Many older field guides employ the old names, but guides published in the last few years use the most up-to-date names. In this list, where the genus remains the same but the species has changed, I have abbreviated the old name in parentheses; for example, Dryopteris carthusiana (D. spinulosa). When the genus changes, I have added the old name in full; for example, Elymus repens (Agropyron repens).
Asterisks (*) mark the non-native species.
| TYPHACEAE | Cat-tail Family | ||
| Typha angustifolia | Narrow-leaved Cat-tail | Quenouille (ou Typha à feuilles étroites) | |
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| SPARGANIACEAE | Bur-reed Family | ||
| Sparganium emersum (S. chlorocarpum) | Green Bur-reed | Rubanier à fruits verts | |
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| ALISMATACEAE | Water-plantain Family | ||
| Sagittaria latifolia | Broad-leaved Arrowhead | Sagittaire latifoliée | |
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| BUTOMACEAE | Flowering Rush Family | ||
| Butomus umbellatus | Flowering-rush* | Jonc fleuri (ou Butome à ombelle)* | |
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| HYDROCHARITACEAE | Frog’s-bit Family | ||
| Elodea canadensis | Canada Waterweed | Élodée du Canada | |
| Hydrocharis morsus-ranae | Frog’s-bit* | Hydrocharide grenouillette | |
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| POACEAE | Grass Family | ||
| Agrostis gigantea | Red-top | Tremme |  |
| Alopecurus pratensis | Meadow Foxtail Grass* | Vulpin des prés* |  |
| Bromus inermis | Common Brome Grass* | Brome inerme* |  |
| Dactylis glomerata | Orchard Grass* | Dactyle pelotonné* |  |
| Digitaria sp. | Crab Grass* | Digitaire* |  |
| Echinochloa crusgalli | Barnyard Grass* | Échinochloa pied-de-coq* |  |
| Elymus repens (Agropyron repens) | Quack Grass* | Chiendent* |  |
| Festuca rubra | Red Fescue* | Fétuque rouge* | |
| Glyceria maxima | Giant Manna Grass* | Grande glycérie* |  |
| Hordeum jubatum | Foxtail Barley* | Orge agréable* |  |
| Leersia oryzoides | Rice Cut-grass | Léersie faux-riz |  |
| Lolium perenne | Perennial Rye grass* | Ivraie vivace* | |
| Panicum capillare | Witch Grass | Panic capillaire | |
| Phalaris arundinacea | Reed Canary Grass* | Phalaris roseau* | |
| Phleum pratense | Timothy* | Mil* |  |
| Poa compressa | Canada Blue Grass* | Pâturin comprimé* | |
| Poa pratensis | Kentucky Blue Grass* | Pâturin des prés* |  |
| Setaria viridis | Green Foxtail* | Sétaire verte* |  |
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| CYPERACEAE | Sedge Family | ||
| Carex pedunculata | Long-stalked Sedge, Peduncled Sedge | Carex pédonculé | |
| Carex scoparia | Broom Sedge | Carex à balai | |
| Scirpus pendulus | Drooping Bulrush | Scirpe pendant | |
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| ARACEAE | Arum Family | ||
| Arisaema triphyllum | Jack-in-the-pulpit | Petit prêcheur | |
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| LEMNACEAE | Duckweed Family | ||
| Lemna minor | Small Duckweed | Lenticule mineure (ou Lentille d’eau) | |
| Lemna trisulca | Ivy Duckweed | Lenticule trisulquée | |
| Spirodela polyrhiza | Large Duckweed | Spirodèle polyrhize | |
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| COMMELINACEAE | Spiderwort Family | ||
| Commelina communis | Dayflower* | Comméline commune* |  |
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| JUNCACEAE | Rush Family | ||
| Juncus effusus | Common Rush | Jonc épars | |
| Juncus tenuis | Path Rush | Jonc ténu | |
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| LILIACEAE | Lily Family | ||
| Erythronium americanum | Trout-lily | Érythrone d’Amérique | |
| Lilium tigrinum | Tiger Lily* | Lis tigré* | |
| Maianthemum racemosum (Smilacina racemosa) | False Solomon’s-seal | Smilacine à grapes | |
| Maianthemum stellatum (Smilacina stellata) | Starry False Solomon’s-seal | Smilacine étoilée | |
| Ornithogalum umbellatum | Star-of-Bethlehem* | Dame d’onze heures* |  |
| Polygonatum pubescens | Solomon’s-seal | Sceau-de-Salomon pubescent |  |
| Scilla sibirica | Scilla | Scille de Sibérie | |
| Trillium erectum | Red Trillium | Trille dressée | |
| Trillium grandiflorum | White Trillium | Trille grandiflore | |
| Uvularia grandiflora | Bellwort | Uvulaire grandiflore | |
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| ORCHIDACEAE | Orchid Family | ||
| Epipactis helleborine | Helleborine* | Épipactis petite-hellébore* | |
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| URTICACEAE | Nettle Family | ||
| Pilea pumila | Clearweed | Petite ortie (ou Piléa nain) | |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis | Slender Stinging Nettle* | Ortie élevée* | |
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| ARISTOLOCHIACEAE | Ginger Family | ||
| Asarum canadense | Wild Ginger | Gingembre sauvage | |
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| POLYGONACEAE | Knotweed Family | ||
| Fallopia convolvulus (Polygonum concoluvulus) | Black Bindweed | Renouée liseron | |
| Fallopia scandens (Polygonum scandens) | Climbing False Bindweed | Renouée grimpante | |
| Persicaria maculosa (Polygonum persicaria) | Lady’s Thumb* | Renouée persicaire* | |
| Persicaria sagittata (Polygonum sagittatum) | Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb | Renouée sagittée | |
| Polygonum aviculare | Knotweed* | Renouée des oiseaux* | |
| Rumex crispus | Curled Dock* | Rumex crépu* | |
| Rumex salicifolius | Willow Dock | Rumex à feuilles de saule | |
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| CHENOPODIACEAE | Goosefoot Family | ||
| Atriplex prostrata | Orache* | Arroche hastée* | |
| Chenopodium album | Lamb’s-quarters* | Chénopode blanc* | |
| Chenopodium simplex | Maple-leaved Goosefoot | Chénopode à feuilles d’érable | |
| Chenopodium strictum | Late-flowering Goosefoot | Chénopode dressé | |
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| AMARANTHACEAE | Amaranth Family | ||
| Amaranthus albus | Tumbleweed* | Amarante blanche* | |
| Amaranthus powellii | Powell’s Pigweed* | Amarante de Powell* | |
| Amaranthus retroflexus | Redroot Pigweed* | Amarante réfléchie* |  |
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| PORTULACACEAE | Purslane Family | ||
| Portulaca oleracea | Purslane | Porcelane | |
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| CARYOPHYLLACEAE | Pink Family | ||
| Cerastium fontanum | Mouse-ear Chickweed* | Céraiste visqueux* | |
| Dianthus armeria | Deptford Pink* | Œillet arméria* | |
| Saponaria officinalis | Bouncing-bet, Soapwort* | Saponaire officinale (ou Herbe à savon)* | |
| Silene latifolia (S. alba) | White Campion* | Compagnon blanc* | |
| Silene vulgaris | Bladder Campion* | Silène cucubale* | |
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| RANUNCULACEAE | Crowfoot Family | ||
| Actaea pachypoda | Doll’s Eyes | Actée à gros pédicelles | |
| Actaea rubra | Red Baneberry | Actée rouge | |
| Anemone canadensis | Canada Anemone | Anémone du Canada | |
| Aquilegia sp. | Columbine | Ancolie du Canada | |
| Clematis virginiana | Wild Clematis | Clématite de Virginie | |
| Ranunculus abortivus | Small-flowered Buttercup | Renoncule abortive | |
| Ranunculus acris | Common Buttercup* | Bouton d’or* | |
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| MENISPERMACEAE | Moonseed Family | ||
| Menispermum canadense | Moonseed | Ménisperme du Canada |  |
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| PAPAVERACEAE | Poppy Family | ||
| Chelidonium majus | Celandine* | Chélidoine majeure* | |
| Sanguinaria canadensis | Bloodroot | Sanguinaire du Canada | |
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| BRASSICACEAE | Mustard Family | ||
| Alliaria petiolata (A. officinalis) | Garlic Mustard* | Alliaire officinale* | |
| Barbarea vulgaris | Yellow-rocket* | Barbarée vulgaire* | |
| Berteroa incana | Hoary-alyssum* | Alysson blanc* | |
| Capsella bursa-pastoris | Shepherd’s-purse* | Bourse-à-pasteur* | |
| Erysimum cheiranthoides | Wormseed Mustard* | Vélar giroflée* | |
| Hesperis matronalis | Dame’s Rocket* | Julienne des dames* | |
| Iberis sempirvirens | Candytuft* | Ibéris toujours vert* | |
| Lepidium densiflorum | Pepper-grass* | Lépidie densiflore* | |
| Sinapis arvensis (Brassica kaber) | Charlock, Wild Mustard* | Moutarde sauvage* |  |
| Sisymbrium officinale | Hedge Mustard* | Sisymbre officinal* | |
| Thlaspi arvense | Field Penny-cress* | Tabouret des champs* | |
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| SAXIFRAGACEAE | Saxifrage Family | ||
| Mitella diphylla | Mitrewort | Mitrelle à deux feuilles | |
| Tiarella cordifolia | Foamflower | Tiarelle cordifoliée | |
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| ROSACEAE | Rose Family | ||
| Agrimonia gryposepala | Hooked Agrimony | Aigremoine à sépales crochus | |
| Filipendula rubra | Queen of the Prairie | Filipendule reine des prairies | |
| Fragaria virginiana | Common Strawberry | Fraisier de Virginie | |
| Geum aleppicum | Yellow Avens | Benoîte d’Alep | |
| Potentilla argentea | Silvery Cinquefoil* | Potentille argentée* | |
| Potentilla recta | Rough-fruited Cinquefoil* | Potentille dressée* | |
| Waldsteinia fragarioides | Barren Strawberry | Waldsteinie faux-fraisier | |
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| FABACEAE | Bean Family | ||
| Lathyrus sylvestris | Everlasting Pea, Sweet pea* | Gesse des bois* | |
| Lotus corniculatus | Bird’s-foot Trefoil* | Lotier corniculé* | |
| Lupinus polyphyllus | Many-leaved Lupine* | Lupin des jardins* | |
| Medicago lupulina | Black Medick* | Luzerne lupuline* | |
| Melilotus alba | White Sweet-clover* | Trèfle d’odeur* | |
| Melilotus officinalis | Yellow Sweet-clover* | Trèfle d’odeur jaune* | |
| Trifolium aureum (T. agrarium) | Hop Clover* | Trèfle jaune* | |
| Trifolium hybridum | Alsike Clover* | Trèfle hybride* | |
| Trifolium pratense | Red Clover* | Trèfle rouge* | |
| Trifolium repens | White Clover* | Trèfle blanc* | |
| Vicia cracca | Cow Vetch* | Vesce jargeau* | |
| Vicia tetrasperma | Slender Vetch* | Vesce à quatre graines* | |
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| GERANIACEAE | Geranium Family | ||
| Geranium robertianum | Herb Robert* | Herbe à Robert* | |
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| OXALIDACEAE | Wood-sorrel Family | ||
| Oxalis stricta | Wood Sorrel* | Oxalide dressée | |
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| EUPHORBIACEAE | Spurge Family | ||
| Acalypha virginica (A. rhomboides) | Three-seeded Mercury | ||
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| BALSAMINACEAE | Touch-me-not Family | ||
| Impatiens capensis | Spotted Touch-me-not, Orange Jewelweed | Impatiente du cap | |
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| VITACEAE | Grape Family | ||
| Parthenocissus vitacea | Virginia Creeper | Vigne vierge | |
| Vitis riparia | River Grape, Wild Grape | Vigne des rivages | |
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| MALVACEAE | Mallow Family | ||
| Malva moschata | Musk Mallow* | Mauve musquée* |  |
| Malva sylvestris | High Mallow* | Mauve des bois* |  |
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| HYPERICACEAE | St. John’s-wort Family | ||
| Hypericum perforatum | Common St. John’s-wort* | Millepertuis commun* | |
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| VIOLACEAE | Violet Family | ||
| Viola blanda | Sweet White Violet | Violette agréable |  |
| Viola odorata | Sweet Violet* | Violette odorante* |  |
| Viola pubescens | Downy Yellow Violet | Violette pubescente |  |
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| LYTHRACEAE | Loosestrife Family | ||
| Decodon verticillatus | Water-willow | Décodon verticillé | |
| Lythrum salicaria | Purple Loosestrife* | Salicaire pourpre* | |
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| ONAGRACEAE | Evening-primrose Family | ||
| Circaea alpina | Smaller Enchanter’s-nightshade | Circée alpine | |
| Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (C. quadrisulcata) | Enchanter’s-nightshade | ||
| Epilobium ciliatum (E. glandulosum) | Willow-herb | Épilobe glanduleux | |
| Oenothera biennis | Common Evening-primrose | Onagre de Victorin | |
| Oenothera parviflorum | Small-flowered Evening Primrose | Onagre parviflore | |
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| ARALIACEAE | Ginseng Family | ||
| Aralia nudicaulis | Sarsaparilla | Salsepareille | |
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| APIACEAE | Carrot Family | ||
| Daucus carota | Queen Anne’s Lace, Wild Carrot* | Carotte sauvage* | |
| Osmorhiza claytonii | Sweet Cicely | Osmorhize de Clayton | |
| Pastinaca sativa | Wild Parsnip* | Panais cultivé* | |
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| PRIMULACEAE | Primrose Family | ||
| Lysimachia punctata | Garden Loosestrife* | Lysimaque ponctuée* | |
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| APOCYNACEAE | Dogbane Family | ||
| Apocynum androsaemifolium | Spreading Dogbane | Apocyn à feuilles d’Androsème | |
| Vinca minor | Periwinkle* | Pervenche mineure* | |
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| ASCLEPIADACEAE | Milkweed Family | ||
| Asclepias syriaca | Common Milkweed | Asclépiade commune | |
| Cynanchum rossicum | Pale Swallow-wort, Dog-strangling Vine* | Cynanche pâle* | |
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| CONVOLVULACEAE | Morning-glory Family | ||
| Convolvulus arvensis | Small Bindweed, Field Bindweed* | Liseron des champs* | |
| Calystegia sepium | Hedge Bindweed | Liseron des haies | |
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| BORAGINACEAE | Borage Family | ||
| Cynoglossum officinale | Hound’s Tongue* | Cynoglosse officinal* |  |
| Echium vulgare | Viper’s Bugloss* | Vipérine vulgaire* | |
| Hackelia virginiana | Virginia Stickseed | Hackélia de Virginie |  |
| Lithospermum officinale | Gromwell* | Grémil officinal* | |
| Symphytum officinale | Comfrey* | Consoude officinale* | |
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| VERBENACEAE | Vervain Family | ||
| Verbena hastata | Blue Vervain | Verveine hastée | |
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| LAMIACEAE | Mint Family | ||
| Galeopsis tetrahit | Hemp Nettle* | Galéopside à tige carrée* | |
| Glechoma hederacea | Ground-ivy* | Lierre terrestre* |  |
| Leonurus cardiaca | Motherwort* | Agripaume cardiaque* | |
| Mentha spicata | Spearmint* | Menthe poivrée* | |
| Mentha sp. | Mint species | Menthe | |
| Nepeta cataria | Catnip* | Herbe à chats* | |
| Origanum vulgare | Wild Marjoram* | Origan vulgaire* | |
| Physostegia virginiana | Obedient Plant | Physostégie de Virginie | |
| Prunella vulgaris | Heal-all, Self-heal* | Prunelle vulgaire* | |
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| SOLANACEAE | Nightshade Family | ||
| Physalis heterophylla | Clammy Ground-cherry | Coqueret hétérophylle | |
| Solanum dulcamara | Bittersweet Nightshade* | Morelle douce-amère* | |
| Solanum ptycanthum (Solanum americanum) | Black Nightshade | Morelle d’Amérique | |
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| SCROPHULARIACEAE | Figwort Family | ||
| Chelone glabra | White Turtlehead | Galane glabre | |
| Linaria vulgaris | Toadflax, Butter-and-eggs* | Linaire vulgaire* | |
| Penstemon digitalis | White Beard-tongue | Penstémon blanc | |
| Penstemon hirsutus | Hairy Beard-tongue | Penstémon hirsute | |
| Scrophularia lanceolata | Figwort | Scrofulaire lancéolée | |
| Verbascum thapsus | Common Mullein* | Molène vulgaire* | |
| Veronica longifolia | Long-leaved Speedwell* | Véronique à longues feuilles* |  |
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| PLANTAGINACEAE | Plantain Family | ||
| Plantago major | Common Plantain* | Plantain majeur* | |
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| RUBIACEAE | Bedstraw Family | ||
| Galium mollugo | White Bedstraw* | Gaillet molugine* |  |
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| CUCURBITACEAE | Gourd Family | ||
| Echinocystis lobata | Wild Cucumber | Concombre sauvage | |
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| CAMPANULACEAE | Bellflower Family | ||
| Campanula rapunculoides | Creeping Bellflower* | Campanule fausse-raiponce* | |
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| ASTERACEAE | Aster Family | ||
| Achillea millefolium | Yarrow | Achillée millefeuille | |
| Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) | White Snakeroot | Eupatorium rugueuse | |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Ragweed | Petite herbe à poux | |
| Anaphalis margaritacea | Pearly-everlasting | Immortelle | |
| Arctium minus | Common Burdock* | Petite bardane* | |
| Artemisia vulgaris | Mugwort* | Armoise vulgaire* | |
| Bidens cernua | Nodding Beggartick | Bident penché | |
| Bidens frondosus | Beggarticks | Bident feuillu | |
| Centaurea jacea | Brown Knapweed* | Centaurée jacée* | |
| Cichorium intybus | Chickory* | Chicorée sauvage* | |
| Cirsium arvense | Canada Thistle* | Chardon des champs* | |
| Cirsium vulgare | Bull Thistle* | Chardon vulgaire* | |
| Conyza canadensis | Horseweed | Vergerette du Canada | |
| Echinacea purpurea | Purple Coneflower | Échinacée pourpre | |
| Erigeron annuus | Daisy Fleabane | Érigéron annuel | |
| Erigeron philadelphicus | Philadelphia Fleabane | Érigéron de Philadelphie | |
| Eupatorium maculatum | Joe-pye Weed | Érigéron de Philadelphie | |
| Eurybia macrophylla (Aster macrophyllus) | Big-leaf Aster | Aster à grandes feuilles | |
| Euthamia graminifolia (Solidago graminifolia) | Grass-leaved Goldenrod | Verge d’or graminifoliée | |
| Galinsoga quadriradiata | Galinsoga* | Galinsoga cilié* | |
| Helianthus grossesseratus | Saw-toothed Sunflower* | Hélianthe de grande taille* | |
| Helianthus × laetiflorus? | Beautiful Sunflower, Showy Sunflower* | Hélianthe à belles feuilles* | |
| Helianthus sp. | Sunflower sp. | Hélianthe sp. | |
| Hieracium aurantiacum | Orange Hawkweed* | Épervière orangée* | |
| Lactuca canadensis | Canada Lettuce | Laitue du Canada | |
| Lactuca scariola | Prickly Lettuce | Laitue scariole | |
| Leucanthemum vulgare | Oxeye Daisy* | Marguerite* | |
| Matricaria discoidea (M. matricarioides) | Pineapple Weed* | Matricaire odorante* | |
| Rudbeckia triloba | Brown-eyed Susan, Thin-leaved Coneflower | ||
| Rudbeckia hirta | Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckie hérissée | |
| Solidago sp. | Goldenrod sp. | Verge d’or sp. | |
| Solidago altissima | Tall Goldenrod | Verge d’or très élevée | |
| Solidago canadensis | Canada Goldenrod | Verge d’or du Canada | |
| Solidago flexicaulis | Zig-zag Goldenrod | Verge d’or à tige zigzaguante | |
| Solidago nemoralis | Gray Goldenrod | Verge d’or des bois | |
| Solidago rugosa | Rough Goldenrod | Verge d’or rugueuse | |
| Sonchus arvensis | Sow-thistle* | Laiteron des champs* | |
| Sonchus asper | Spiny-leaved Sow-thistle* | Laiteron épineux* | |
| Sonchus oleraceus | Common Sow-thistle* | Laiteron potager* | |
| Symphyotrichum ciliatum (Aster ciliolatus) | Ciliolate Aster | Aster ciliolé | |
| Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Aster cordifolius) | Heart-leaved Aster | Aster à feuilles cordées | |
| Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Aster lanceolatus) | Panicled Aster | Aster lancéolé | |
| Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (Aster novae-angliae) | New England Aster | Aster de la Nouvelle-Angleterre | |
| Symphyotrichum pilosum (Aster pilosum) | Hairy White Oldfield Aster, Frost Aster | ||
| Tanacetum vulgare | Tansy* | Tanaisie vulgaire* | |
| Taraxacum officinale | Dandelion* | Pissenlit* | |
| Tragopogon dubius | Goat’s-beard* | Salsifis majeur* | |
MORE INFORMATION
If you’d like more information about wildflowers in general, here are a couple of suggestions for further reading:
- Michael Runtz. Beauty and the Beasts: The Hidden World of Wildflowers. Stoddart, 1994.
- Brenda Chambers, et al. Forest Plants of Central Ontario. Lone Pine Publishing, 1996.
- Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; & Dickinson, R. The ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario, 2004.